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http://home.engineering.iastate.edu/~morris/papers/1
0/ieeetc10.pdf

Multi-threading in Java: Performance and Scalability on Multi-core
Systems

Kuo-Yi Chen, J. Morris Chang and Ting-Wei Hou

Abstract--the performance and scalability issues of multithreaded Java
programs on multi-core systems are studied in this paper. First, we
examine the performance scaling of benchmarks with various numbers of
processor cores and application threads. Secondly, by correlating
low-level hardware performance data to JVM threads and system
components, the detail analyses of performance and scalability are
presented, such as the hardware stall events and memory system
latencies. Thirdly, the usages of memory resource are detailed to
observe the potential bottlenecks. Finally, the JVM tuning techniques
are proposed to alleviate the bottlenecks, and improve the performance
and scalability.

Several key findings are revealed through this study. First, the lock
contentions usually lead to a strong limitation of scalability.
Secondly, in terms of memory access latencies, the most of memory
stalls are produced by L2 cache misses and cache-tocache transfers.
Finally, the overhead of minor garbage collections could be an
important factor of throughput reductions. Based on these findings,
the appropriate JVM tuning techniques are examined in this study. We
observe that the use of a parallel garbage collector and an
appropriate ratio of young to old generation can alleviate the
overhead of minor collection and improve the efficiency of garbage
collections.

A.L.